{"id":3210,"date":"2021-09-30T08:28:14","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T08:28:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nioah.com\/?p=3210"},"modified":"2021-10-04T02:07:00","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T02:07:00","slug":"3210","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nioah.com\/en\/2021\/09\/30\/3210\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u6bd4\u8f03\u3011\u7a7a\u8abf\u51b7\u6c23\u7684\u51b7\u5a92\uff0c\u77e5\u8b58\u5927\u5168"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u51b7\u6c23\uff08\u7a7a\u8abf\uff09\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\u539f\u7406\u3001\u51b7\u5a92\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u51b7\u6c23\u3001\u7a7a\u8abf\u77e5\u8b58\u5927\u5168\u8acb\u770b\u9019~<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u5a92\u7a2e\u985e\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1f
<\/a>\u51b7\u5a92\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u985e\u5225\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1f
<\/a>\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u70ba\u51b7\u5a92\u6700\u5927\u5340\u5206
<\/a>\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u3001\u8457\u540d\u51b7\u5a92\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39
<\/a>\u53f0\u7063\u5e02\u5834\u51b7\u6c23\u3001\u7a7a\u8abf\uff0c\u90fd\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u51b7\u5a92\uff1f
<\/a>\u5176\u4ed6\u51b7\u5a92\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u683c\uff1a<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u5a92\u7a2e\u985e\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u5a92\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u70ba\uff1a
–CFC (ChloroFluoroCarbons\u3001\u6c1f\u6c2f\u78b3\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70f4)<\/span><\/strong> \uff08R11\u3001R12\u3001R115\uff09
–HCFC \u6c2b\u6c2f\u6c1f\u70f4 (Hydrochlorofluorocarbons)<\/strong><\/span>\uff08R22\u3001R123\u3001R124\uff09
–HFC (Hydrofluorocarbons) \u6c2b\u6c1f\u78b3\u5316\u5408\u7269<\/span><\/strong>\uff08R32\u3001R134a\u3001R404A\u3001R410A\uff09
–HFO\u6b21\u6c1f\u9178 (hydrofluoroolefin)<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u5982 (R-1234yf\u3001R513A)
–\u5929\u7136<\/span><\/strong> \uff08\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3 CO2 R-744, \u6c28 NH3 R-717\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f8c\u4f86\u56e0\u7232CFC\u3001HCFC\u88ab\u5217\u7232\u9020\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\uff0c\u65bc 1987 \u5e74\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5a41 Montreal\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u9010\u6b65\u6dd8\u6c70\u3002\u6dd8\u6c70\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u70ba HFC\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6e1b\u5c11\u81ed\u6c27\u5c64\uff0c\u4f46 HFC\u4f7f\u5927\u6c23\u6696\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u7684 1,000 \u81f3 9,000 \u500d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u5a92\u7d041928\u5e74\uff0c\u675c\u90a6 DuPont \u516c\u53f8\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u53eb R-12\uff08\u540d\u5b57\u70ba Freon\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9678\u9678\u7e8c\u7e8c R-11\uff08CFC\uff09\u3001R-12 (CFC)\u3001R-123 (HCFC)\u3001R-502 (HCFC) \u6210\u70ba1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f32000\u5e74\u4ee3\u5e02\u5834\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u5a92\u9084\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebd\u985e\u5225\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u53ca\u5171\u6cb8\u7684\u5206\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5171\u6cb8\u985e (pure\u3001azeotropic)<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u51b7\u5a92\uff0cR\u865f\u78bc\u7531 500 \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u5982 R-507A\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u865f\u7a31\u300c\u7d14\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u7232\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6709\u8457<\/span><\/strong>\u5171\u540c<\/strong><\/span>\u7684\u6cb8\u9a30\u9ede<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u975e\u5171\u6cb8\u985e (non-azeotropic)<\/span><\/strong> \u7684\u51b7\u5a92\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f1949\u5e74\u88ab\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7533\u8acb\u5c08\u5229\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\uff0cR\u865f\u78bc\u7531 400 \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u5982 R-407A\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6df7\u5408\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u6eab\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6709\u8457\u4e0d\u540c<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6cb8\u9a30\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u51b7\u6c23\u6a5f\u6709\u52062\u7a2e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba\u7a7a\u6c23\u51b7\u537b\u7684\u51b7\u6c23(air-cooled)\u3001\u53ca\u6c34\u51b7\u537b\u7684\u51b7\u6c23 (water-cooled)\u3002\u7a7a\u6c23\u51b7\u537b\u7684\u51b7\u6c23\u7528\u5171\u6cb8\u985e\u53ca\u975e\u5171\u6cb8\u985e\u7684\u51b7\u5a92\u6548\u7387\u8981\u770b\u578b\u865f\uff0c\u4f46\u6c34\u51b7\u537b\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u5171\u6cb8\u985e\u7684\u51b7\u5a92<\/span>\u6548\u7387\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u74b0\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\u70ba\u51b7\u5a92\u6700\u5927\u5340\u5206<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

GWP\u4fc2\u6578\uff1a\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6f5b\u52e2\u3001\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u4fc2\u6578\uff08Global warming potential\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31GWP\uff09\u3002GWP\u4fc2\u6578\u7d04\u9ad8\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f7f\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b50\u76df\u8b70\u6703\u6700\u8fd1\u6279\u51c6\u4e86 (EU) \u7b2c 517\/2014 \u865f\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u7981\u6b62\u6c1f\u5316\u6c23\u9ad4F-gas\u7684\u689d\u4f8b\uff0c\u8a72\u689d\u4f8b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u6e1b\u5c11\u548c\u9010\u6b65\u7981\u6b62\u76ee\u524d\u6c1f\u5316\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8868\u30022020 \u5e74 1 \u6708 1 \u65e5\u70ba\u4f7f\u7528\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u800c2022 \u5e74 1 \u6708 1 \u65e5\u5247\u662f\u5e02\u5834\u7981\u6b62 (market prohibitions) GWP\u503c\u5927\u65bc\u6216\u7b49\u65bc 150 \u7684 HFC\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f9e 2020 \u5e74 1 \u6708 1 \u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684 R404A \u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u5728\u6b50\u76df\u7684\u65b0\u7a7a\u8abf\u3001\u51b7\u6c23\u3001\u51b7\u537b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6b50\u76df\u5f9e 2022 \u5e74\u8d77\u4e5f\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528 GWP \u2265 150 \u7684\u51b7\u5a92\uff08kW \u6578\u8981\u67e5\u8a62\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\uff0cR404A \u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5546\u696d\u548c\u5de5\u696d\u88fd\u51b7\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u51b7\u5a92\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5176\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u4f4e\u6eab\u3001\u4e2d\u6eab\u751a\u81f3\u9ad8\u6eab\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u88fd\u51b7\u5291\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66ff\u4ee3 R404A \u7684 HFC \u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5982 R407A\u3001R407F\u3001R442A \u7b49<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5546\u696d\u540d\u7a31\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u88fd\u51b7\u5291\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u6eab\u5ba4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6392\u653e (Greenhouse gas emissions) \u5f71\u97ff\u7565\u4f4e\uff0c\u8207 R404A \u7684 GWP \u4fc2\u6578\u70ba 3922 \u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176 GWP \u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u6f5b\u52e2\u3001\u5168\u7403\u6696\u5316\u4fc2\u6578\uff08Global warming potential\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31GWP\uff09\u4fc2\u6578\u7d04\u70ba 2,000\u3002\u800c\u5b83\u5011\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u9ad8\u6392\u653e\u6eab\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc0\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u88fd\u51b7\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e02\u5834\u6703\u8fd4\u56de R134a \u4f5c\u70ba\u66ff\u4ee3 R404A \u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u88fd\u51b7\u88dd\u7f6e\u6216\u5c0f\u65bc 40 kW \u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u4f7f\u7528 R134a \u6216R407A\u3001R407F \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u76e3\u7ba1\u67b6\u69cb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u5e02\u5834\u4f7f\u7528 GWP \u4f4e\u7684\u5929\u7136\u51b7\u7164\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 R744\uff08CO2\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff09\u3001R717\uff08\u6c28\uff09\u6216 R290\uff08\u4e19\u70f7\uff09\uff1b\u4f46\u79d1\u6280\u9084\u5f97\u8a66\u5716\u514b\u670d\u9019\u4e9b\u6c23\u9ad4\u5176\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u6bd2\u6027\u3001\u548c\/\u6216\u6613\u71c3\u6027\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3CO2 (R744) \u4f5c\u7232\u51b7\u5a92\u7684\u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u5982\u5176\u6548\u7387\u8f03\u4f4e\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u58d3\u529b\u9ad8\uff08\u6bd4R134a \u9ad8\u7d0410 \u500d\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u65bc 90% \u7684\u51b7\u5a92\u6392\u653e\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u58fd\u547d\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff08\u7576\u8981\u628a\u51b7\u6c23\u6a5f\u4e1f\u6389\u6642\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u6548\u8655\u7406\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u3001\u5c0f\u5fc3\u53d6\u51fa\u548c\u5132\u5b58\u5f8c\uff0c\u51b7\u5a92\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6de8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6703\u5f15\u8d77\u6696\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u3001\u8457\u540d\u51b7\u5a92\u7684\u4ecb\u7d39<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R134a \u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5c0e\u5165\u4e26\u53d6\u5f97\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\u7684 HFC\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5e7e\u4e4e\u7121\u9700\u5c0d\u65e2\u6709\u7684 R22 \u8a2d\u5099\u9032\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528 R22 \u7372\u5f97\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u7d04 40%\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u5546\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08\u548c\u6210\u672c\uff09\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u88fd\u51b7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cR134a \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u80fd\u5920\u627f\u53d7\u66f4\u9ad8\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08\u8d85\u904e 250 kW\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R410A \u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4 R22 \u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u6df7\u5408\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u58d3\u529b\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f R22 \u7684\u5169\u500d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u58d3\u7e2e\u6a5f\u3001\u81a8\u8139\u95a5\u7b49\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R32 \u7684 GWP\u5927\u7d04 677\uff0c\u6bd4 R410A \u5c11\u4e86\u7d0470%<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0b\uff0cR32\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6703\u6bd4R410A \u5c1120% \uff08\u7bc0\u7701\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u6210\u672c\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002R32\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u7d14\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50cfR410A\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u9ad4\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u8655\u7406\u3001\u56de\u6536\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cR32\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u7528 R410A\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5171\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53f0\u7063\u5e02\u5834\u51b7\u6c23\u3001\u7a7a\u8abf\uff0c\u90fd\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebd\u6a23\u7684\u51b7\u5a92\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u54c1\u724c<\/strong><\/td>\u51b7\u5a92<\/span><\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Panasonic \u570b\u969b\u724c<\/a><\/td>R32<\/td><\/tr>
hitachi \u65e5\u7acb<\/a><\/td>R410A<\/td><\/tr>
Mitsubishi \u4e09\u83f1<\/a><\/td>R32<\/td><\/tr>
Daikin \u5927\u91d1<\/a><\/td>R32<\/td><\/tr>
Gree \u683c\u529b<\/a><\/td>R32 \/ R410A<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31 Hitachi \u6bd4\u8f03\u505c\u7559\u3001\u505c\u6b47<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u51b7\u5a92\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8868\u683c\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7a2e\u985e<\/td>\u540d\u7a31<\/td>GWP\u503c<\/td><\/tr>
CFC<\/span><\/td>R-11<\/td>4660<\/td><\/tr>
CFC<\/span><\/td>R-12<\/td>10,200<\/td><\/tr>
HCFC<\/td>R-22<\/td>1760<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/span><\/td>R-32<\/span><\/td>677<\/td><\/tr>
HCFC<\/td>R-123<\/td>79<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/td>R-134a<\/td>1300<\/td><\/tr>
HC<\/td>R-290<\/td>10<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/td>R-404a<\/td>3922<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/td>R-407a<\/td>2107<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/td>R-407c<\/td>1774<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/span><\/td>R-410a<\/span><\/td>2088<\/td><\/tr>
HFC<\/td>R-507a<\/td>3985<\/td><\/tr>
HFO<\/td>R-513a<\/td>573<\/td><\/tr>
HC<\/td>R-600a<\/td>3<\/td><\/tr>
NH3<\/span><\/td>R-717<\/span><\/td>0<\/td><\/tr>
CO2<\/span><\/td>R-744<\/span><\/td>1<\/td><\/tr>
HFO<\/td>R-1234yf<\/td>4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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